Cholera in ghana pdf

Ghana has seen outbreaks of the disease roughly every five years since the 19704. Outbreak of cholera in veagunga, bongo district of the. A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana. Health lays the foundation for vibrant and productive communities, stronger economies, safer nations and a better world. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. The region is broadly affected by many cholera cases and outbreaks that. Cholera has claimed many lives throughout history and it continues to be a global threat, especially in countries in africa.

Worldwide, approximately 35 million cholera cases and 100,000120,000 deaths due to cholera occur annually. In 2014, 60 percent of ghanas districts reported cholera infections and in 2014 and 2015 combined, nearly 30,000 new cases and over 250 deaths were reported. Cholera, largely eliminated from industrialized countries by water and sewage treatment over a century ago, still remains a significant cause of illness and death in many african countries. Our work touches lives around the world every day often in invisible ways. Researchers have estimated that each year there are 1. Report of cholera outbreak investigation, greater accra region. Pdf large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana. It is an indicator of socioeconomic problems and is a global threat to public health.

The weekly epidemiological record wer serves as an essential instrument for the rapid and accurate dissemination of epidemiological information on cases and outbreaks of diseases under the international health regulations and on other communicable diseases of public health importance, including emerging or reemerging infections. The study adopted a health literacy framework that theorized the pathways. About 75% of people infected with vibrio cholera do not develop any symptoms, although the bacteria are present in their faeces. Health division, ghana health service received a report from the greater accra regional. With the high number of campaigns and education on cholera, officials say it is baffling to see many people queueing for food sold at joints close to refuse dumps, filthy and open gutters. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in. Cholera wash cost estimates are based on a combination of preparedness and response budgets. News ghana is ghanas leading online news portal for business in west africa and around the world.

Large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana. This disease doesnt vibrio come on immediately, cholerae so it is hard to diagnose. Despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been. Cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others in an outbreak that highlights the health and sanitation challenges facing one of africas fastest. A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana volunteers comb the marketplaces of cape coast, ghana educating stall owners on how to prevent the spread of cholera.

Large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana ncbi. An outbreak of cholera due to vibrio cholerae o1 occurred in the brong ahafo region of ghana in 2014, the second in as many years the last in 2012 raising questions to decreasing intervals of cholera epidemics in the region. Pdf background a nationwide outbreak of vibrio cholerae occurred in ghana in 2014 with accra, the nations capital as the epicenter. The bacteria is typically found in water environments such as freshwater lakes and rivers. The four regions along the coast, greater accra, central, western and volta represent over 70% of cholera cases between 1998 and.

In the twentyfirst century, subsaharan africa bears the brunt of global cholera. In june 2014, an outbreak of cholera occurred in the greater accra region of ghana whose capital is accra. Since 1970, the trend of cholera outbreak has changed, from the usual occurrence of one in every 4 6 years to a more frequent type, usually a protracted form of outbreak. Outbreak of cholera, greater accra region, ghana, 2014. This study assessed the response activities undertaken in two districts, akatsi district in volta region and komendaedinaeguafoabirem keea municipal in central region during the 2012 cholera epidemic in ghana. Globally, cholera remains an important public health challenge. Dynamics of cholera epidemics from benin to mauritania. These efforts led to a dramatic drop in cholera incidence from 735 cases in 2016, to just 9 cases since january 2017. Cholera is a severe intestinal disease caused by the bacteria, vibrio cholerae vibreeo collarah. Shellfish found in united states coastal waters can be contaminated with v. Examining health literacy on cholera in an endemic. Between 1999 and 2005, africa alone accounted for about 90% of over 1 million reported cholera cases worldwide.

The first major outbreak occurred in 1982, when about 15,032 cases were recorded. Infected togolese national on transit to conakry, guinea collapsed at the kotoka international airport in accra, ghana and was found to have cholera 16. The reemergence of cholera in kenya in the first months of 2015 suggests that cholera remains a public health threat. The world health organization who is building a better future for people everywhere. The disease is listed as one of three internationally quarantinable diseases by the world health organization, along with plague and yellow fever. Ghanas cholera outbreak, officials say, is the worst in more than 30 years, with the country last suffering such a high number of casualties in 1982. From 1998 to 2017, greater accra alone recorded 58. Cholera promoted sanitary reform worldwide not only because of the sudden onset of. Cholera is transmitted by drinking water or eating food, which is. From january 2000 to december 2003 there were close to 000 cases of cholera reported in south africa, with a total of 396 deaths department of health, south africa. In ghana investigations are done for almost every cholera outbreak. Health directorate indicating cholera outbreak in the.

This study employed a mixed methods approach to investigate the successes and challenges of cholera prevention and control in kenya through analysis of cholera surveillance data and key informant interviews. Pdf modeling cholera dynamics with a control strategy in. The periodic and seasonal outbreaks of cholera in ghana make the disease a vital health concern. In 2011 and 2012 ghana had cholera epidemics combined that totaled 16,000 cases and deaths. March 5 estimating the economic impacts of sanitation ghana march 2012. Declared in june 2014, the west and central african cholera outbreak as of january 25, 2015 claimed 1,683 registered deaths and over 91,361 reported cases with a reported case fatality rate cfr of 2% in 11 countries, which is 3 times more than in 20.

Cholera epidemiology, prevention and control intechopen. Under information and public relations, the overspend of chf 4,604 is related to the. There were higher cholera incidents reported in the greater and eastern regions where this dref covered especially in the metropolitans than in municipals and sub districts. Cholera headache in ghana, with open sewers revisited. Ending cholera a global roadmap to 2030 pdf factsheet key facts. Cholera is a contagious diarrheal disease caused by toxins produced by certain vibrio cholerae bacteria. The overall cfr was higher than the who acceptable rate of pdf available in infectious diseases of poverty 51 december 2016 with 2,142 reads how we measure reads.

Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease that can kill within hours if left untreated. It did not gain much notice because of being overshadowed by ebola news in nearby countries. Rapid risk assessment cholera cases in the horn of africa and gulf of aden 19 may 2017 3 between 19 september 2015 and 24 july 2016, 4 330 cases, including 68 deaths cfr. In 2012, all the regions in ghana except upper west were involved in a protracted cholera outbreaks that started in december 2010. We found that at least 54% of cases concerned populations living in the three urban areas of accra, freetown, and conakry. Because cholera can be an acute public health problem with the potential to cause many. Ghana has recorded a massive outbreak of cholera since june 2014. Calculations use an attack rate of and disease durationof3months. Ghana loses ghc420 million annually due to poor sanitation. Cholera outbreak in ghana kills at least 67 since june.

In ghana, there were over 9,000 cholera cases in 1999 with approximately 250 deaths cfr of 2. Cholera is regarded generally as a disease of the poor and it affects areas that lack access to safe. Costs included are limited to coordination, community wash response and wash in cholera treatment centers. Cholera is an acute intestinal infection that occurs when a certain bacteria is ingested. Increase of cholera cases in the horn of africa and the. Ghana recorded over 9000 cholera cases in 1999 with about 250 deaths. Author summary we analyzed cholera epidemics from benin to mauritania, during 2009 to 2015, and performed a series of field visits as well as molecular epidemiology analyses of v. The country is cholera endemic with several communities within cholera hotspots. Since the 1980s, ghana has experienced sporadic outbreaks of cholera. An ongoing cholera outbreak in ghana in 2014, hitting hard the capital accra, has claimed some 100 lives and over 11,000 cases by september. Cholera is an important public health problem, causing substantial morbidity and mortality especially in the developing countries. Epidemiological parameters of cholera outbreaks by main affected 2region in ghana, 199820 note. The recurrence of cholera in ghana has raised possible endemic foci in. Cholera is an acute, diarrhoeal illness caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae the infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe washing hands with soap and water is the basis of health cholera.

The case fatality ratio is high in the sahelian area, equal or greater than 2%, especially in nigeria, chad, cameroon and niger. The global burden of cholera is large, particularly in africa and southern asia. In ghana, the first case of cholera occurred on september 1, 1970 following the seventh pandemic that started in indonesia in 1961 15. Cholera is now thought to be endemic in parts of the country. Spatial and demographic patterns of cholera in ashanti. Despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been reported on assessments of outbreak response activities undertaken in affected areas. Cholera outbreak response it is impossible to prevent cholera from being introduced into an area but spread of the disease within an area can be prevented through early detection and confirmation of cases, followed by appropriate response. Assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two. Weekly number of cholera cases and median of estimated tenday precipitation in ghana, 2001202,3 table i. A nationwide outbreak of vibrio cholerae occurred in ghana in 2014 with accra, the nations capital as the epicenter. This study, therefore, assesses health literacy on cholera and the association between health literacy competency and health outcome. These bacteria are mainly found in humans although the bacteria may be found in brackish water and estuaries. In this work, we present and analyze amathematical epidemiological model for vibrio cholerae cholera with an incorporated control strategy. However, upper west, northern, upper east and volta region are the least affected region s in ghana.